Road making machine



Oct. 25, 1938. F. L. cARswELl.

ROAD MAKING MACHINE v Filed July 24, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEY,

Filed July 24, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR, fa/MPI. farsa/ell.

ATTORNEYS.

QW QN Oct. 25, 1938. CARSWELL 2,134,245

ROAD MAKING MACHINE Filed July 24, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 l 7; ATTORNEYS.

Patented Oct. 2 5, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE ROAD MAKING MACHINE Frank L. Carswell, Kansas City, Mo. Application July 24, 1935, Serial N0. 32,847v

15 Claims.; (Cl. 9444) 'I'his invention relates to road making equipment and particularly machines of the aforementioned character wherein is embodied, in combination, means for scarifying the roadbed to a predetermined depth; means for immediately thereafter discing the roadbed; unique, novel and effective means for depositing road making fluids along a plurality of spaced-apart levels below the normal surface of the road; means for scraping or smoothing the roadbed at the zone of application of said fluids; means for scraping; and lastly means for tamping the roadbed, all for the purpose of making an oil road having desirable characteristics and structural refinements as will hereinafter be more fully set down.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a road making machine having the aforementioned inter-related units and-means associated with Aall of said units for adjustably maintaining the same in operative relation with respect to each other and with respect to the roadbed upon which the machine isacting.

One of the primary objects of the invention is the provision in such a machine of means for simultaneously depositing road making fluids, such as oil, along a plurality of spaced-apart levels below the normal surface of theV road and the method of so preparing a roadway forms one of the salient aims of the invention.

Other objects of the invention include the specific structural embodiments of the foregoing broad objects and the specific structure of the component parts of the above enumerated units, all of which will be set down in a denite manner during the course of the following specification, referring to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a road making machine 'embodying this invention.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, detailed, vertical, central, sectional view through one of the oil applying shoes of the machine.

Fig. 4 is a vertical, sectional view through one of said shoes, taken on line IV--IV of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 isv a cross sectional view through one of the shoes, taken on line V-V of Fig. 3, and,

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view through the shoe, taken on line VI-VI of Fig. 3.

The road making machine contemplated by this invention is designed particularly for use in constructing oil roads and it is the purpose of the invention to provide such a machine as will produce a highly satisfactory roadbed after the machine has made one trip along the road for the purpose of performing all the necessary operations which this method contemplates. Machines of this type' may be used in soils of various characteristics an \\little alteration need take place when the machine is changed for use with clay soils after it has been set for use in treating soils of a lighter nature, such as sand or loam.

Itis well known in the art of road making that the surface of the roadbed should be protected from moisture in the sub-grade. A relatively heavy stratum of oil, therefore, is placed well below the normal surface of the road and stratas of light oil are then deposited in spacedapart relation in the material of the road between the normal surface of the latter and the said first mentioned stratum of heavy oil.

To effectively carry out this method, the ma.

chine designed to embody the preferred form of the invention should have a wheeled frame I0 that may be pulled or pushed along the right-ofway by tractors or other suitable means not here shown that may be attached to the machine through the medium of a hitch I2 attached to frarne |0 in any desired Way. While skids may be employed to hold frame I0 in position for movement along the right-of-way, it is preferred to mount the frame upon front and rear wheels I4 and I6 respectively, and to provide pneumatic tires on said wheels to the end that the roadway will not be rutted or otherwise objectionably channeled out by less eicient wheels.

In practice, it vis preferred to mount front wheels I4 insuch a, fashion as to permit guiding of the machine thereby and it is conceivable that the meansforjmoving the machine along the roadway might be mounted directly upon frame I0 and attached to rear wheels I6.

When employing a road making machine of this type,fthe roadbed should rst be prepared byv grading, leveling and ditching so that it is ready to receive the oll which will render the surface thereof usable by traffic. Draw bars I8 attached to the forward end of the machine extend rearwardly and depend to a point of attachment with a transverse member 20, which is formed to support a plurality of forwardly and downwardly inclined teeth 22 that are employed to scarify the roadbed to a predetermined depth. These teeth 22 are adjustably carried by member 20 and a series of notches 24 formed along the upper face of each tooth respectively cooperate with a set screw 26 to hold teeth 22 in the set position.

Draw bars I8 are pivotally mounted as at 28 whereby to permit raising and lowering of all of teeth 22 by the manually operable `wheel 20 which is in screw-threaded engagement with shaft 22 joined to each draw bar respectively by link 34. Discing the material of the roadbed is desirable immediately after scarifier teeth 22 have performed their function. Accordingltwo sets of discs 36 are carried immediately behind vthe plurality of teeth 22. Discs 20 are mounted upon a common shaft 20 and the shafts are disposed at angles to each other and to a true transverse line through the machine, as illustrated in Fig. 2v. Each set of discs 301s attached to the depending portion of the respective draw bars I by an arm 40 which is pivotally Joined at its forward end to said respective drawbar l2 as at 42. Each set of discs 20 may bevadiusted vertically by hand wheel 44 which is in screw-threaded engagement with threaded shaft 40 joined to arm 40.

Afterthetopmaterlalof the roadbedhasbeen acted upon by scariiier teeth 22 and discs 00, the road oil is applied through the unique unit disposed immediately behind the said aforementioned parts. This oil applying unit comprises a frame 40 which carries a plurality of shoes, constructed as shown in the drawings. and particularly Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive thereof. The exact form, function and nature of these shoes 50 will be hereinafter more fully set down.

Walls 52 extend across'frame from side to side thereof and serve to support .shoes I0 in spaced-apart relation. The shoes are arranged in series with all of the shoes of one series disposed in substantially the same horizontal plane', while the shoes of another series are disposed in another horizontal plane. Each series of shoes may consist of two rows thereof, each row disposed in a line extending from side to side or transversely of the machine. Shoes Il are so arranged and positioned in the individual series thereof and are so formed as to be in staggered or offset relation, and to fulfill the important aim of the invention, thestaggered, offset shoes should overlap in order to require each series of shoes to deposit a continuous stratum of oil along the line of said series of shoes. Each shoe of each series describes its own path and the paths of oil which are deposited by the individual shoes of each series thereof are in overlapped relation.

As will be observed in Fig. 1, the forward group of shoes making up series A have the bottoms thereof disposed in a horizontal plane below the plane of the group of shoes l making up series B. Obviously, any number of series of shoes may be utilized and it has been found desirable to employ smoothers or leveling blades 54 between the series of shoes. These blades 54 are disposed at an angle and in overlapped relation so that piling up of the road material is avoided.

Frame 48 is connected to the forward end of wheeled frame I0 by beams 50 that extend from the rear portion of frame 4I to the forward por-- tion of wheeled frame Il. 'Ihese beams 50 are pivotally joined to frame I0 and frame 4l at their forward and rear ends respectively and the forward edge of frame 40 may be moved verti cally by a pair of adjusting screws 50 having hand wheels il mounted thereon. Beams It and frame 40, together with all the parts mounted thereon or associated therewith, may be adjusted vertically toward and from the roadbed by a pair of hand wheels 62 mounted upon threaded shafts t4 that are connected to frame 48 by links 00. Obviously, the means for .adjusting the parts of the machine with respect to each other and with respecttotheroadbednzayberemotelycon- I trolled from the drivers cab or the like if it is desired to include hydraulic or compressed air means in piace of the structures illustrated in the drawings and herein described.

After the application of the oil or road making liquid strata by shoes 5I, the normal surface of the road is leveled by scraper 0l. This scraper of the conventional type extends transversely across the machine the full width of the finished roadway and is preferably positioned at an angle, as shown in Fig. 2. Brackets which support blades 00 are adiustably connected to 'a plate 12 that is mounted upon levers 14 which are pivotally mounted as at 10 to beams I0. Means for raising and lowering scraper 00V and the associated parts :lust mentioned is provided in the form of a hand wheel 'I0 in screw-threaded engagement with vertical shaft 00.'

As a snai operation, the roadbed is tempes by a sheeps foot roller 02 rotatably mounted and attached to frame I0 by links 04. This tamping roller l2 may be raised and lowered by rotating turn buckle 00 which will move screw-threaded rods 00 and 00 toward and from each other for said piupose. A bracket 02 rigidly mounted upon frame n carried rod sl, while rod as is attached at the axis of roller 02.

Large quantities of oil are used in making roads and in some instances it may be desirable to use oils having different specific gravities or characteristics and the supply of oil may be carried in tanks 94 mounted upon frame l0, or, as an alternative, carried in supplementary tank trucks that are moved along the right-of-way with the road making machine. In any event, the oil is fed into shoes so that it may be deposited along the roadbed at different levels. In the embodiment illustrated, tanks 96 -which sit upon a platform 90 carried by frame I0. There is a pump for each tank 04 and in the instance illustrated, a pump 96 is employed for each series of shoes 50. One of said pumps 00 is attached to one tank 04 through the lead-in conduit |00 and pipes |02 join the respective pumps 96 with manifolds |04 which extend transversely across the machine so that all of shoes 50 of the series thereof therebelow. may receive oil through the flexible connections |06 which connect each shoe respectively with manifold |05. A valve |08 is interposed in pipe |02 so that oil to any one series may be selectively turned on or .shut off.

Heavy oil in tank 94 is fed to series A of shoes 50 and relatively lighter oil is fed from rear tank 94 to series B of shoes 50. This method is effective in precluding moisture from rising to the surface proper of the roadbed and reference to Fig. 1 will readily teach the manner in which lower stratum ||0 is placed in parallel, spaced apart relation to and below stratum ||2 which may consist of lighter oil. Stratum ||4 of the road material lies between stratum H0 and I|2 and upper stratum IIB of the roadbed may have a top coating of oil applied thereto if desired.

The construction of each one of shoes 50 that i |26, in screw-threaded engagement with bearing |24, has a reduced inner end which enters one of holes |28 formed in vertical alignment along the adjacent wall of shank |22. 'I'hus each shoe 50 may be set to the desired position and flexible connection |06 thereto will give sufficiently to allow any adjustment.

Flexible connection |06 to each shoe 50 respectively is joined to a pipe |30 which has a special nozzle |32 at the lower-most end thereof. This nozzle is detailed in Fig. 6 and formed so that oil passing therefrom is projected radially the full width of base |20`of shoe 50. The exact positioning of this nozzle |32 may be altered to suit conditions, but the open port thereof should be directed rearwardly or in some direction so that the lifted road material will not clog the same.

In some cases it may be desired to admix other uids with the oil being placed, and if so, a supplementary ilexible hose connection |34 is connected to a second pipe |36 within shank |22 for that purpose. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, this pipe is shown plugged at one end by a cap |38.

The desirable manner'of employing a machine of the character contemplated by this invention has been made clear during the course of the foregoing specification, and while specic structural details have been specified, it is desired to be limited only by thescope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A road making machine comprising a wheeled frame; means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing uninterrupted sheets of uids along a plurality of definitely determinable spaced-apart levels below the normal surface of the road and between layers of road material; and structure for maintaining said means in predetermined adjusted positions whereby to. vary the distance apart of said levels.

2. A road making machine comprising a frame; and means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing a plurality of uninterrupted liquid strata in spaced-apart relation below the normal surface of the roadbed, and structure for maintaining said means in a predetermined position to maintain a definite thickness of intermediate strata of roadbed material between said liquid strata during the deposition of the latter.

3. A road making machine comprising a frame; and means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing a plurality of liquid strata in predetermined spaced-apart parallel relation below the normal surface of the roadbed, said means comprising a plurality of series of shoes, each series having the shoes thereof` in the same horizontal plane and formed to elevate the entire roadbed material thereabove as the liquid is being deposited in a continuous sheet and to drop said material on the stratum of liquid placed by said series of shoes.

4. A road making machine comprising a frame; and means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing a plurality of liquid strata in spaced-apart parallel relation Abelow the normal surface of the roadbed, said means comprising a frame carrying a plurality of series of shoes, each series having the shoes thereof in the same horizontal plane and formed to elevate the roadbed material thereabove as the liquid is being deposited and to drop said material on the stratum of liquid placed by said series of shoes, each series of shoes having the s hoes thereof disposed in offset, overlapped relation whereby one series deposits a continuous stratum of liquid the full width of the said series.-

5. A road making machine comprising a frame; and means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing a plurality of liquid strata in predetermined spaced-apart parallel relation below the normal surface of the roadbed, said means comprising an adjustable frame carrying a plurality of series of shoes, each series having the shoes thereof in the same horizontal plane, each shoe of each of said series having an inclined face adapted to elevate the roadbed material in the path thereof as the machine is advanced and to drop said material into said path low the normal surface of the roadbed, saidy means comprising a frame carrying a plurality of series of shoes, each series having the shoes thereof in the same horizontal plane, each shoe of said series having an inclined face adapted to elevate the roadbed material in the path of travel thereof as the machine is advanced and to drop said material into said path, and a spray nozzle positioned to deposit liquid beneath the material so elevated, said shoes each being appreciably narrower than the width of the series thereof, and overlapping the adjacent shoes to work all the roadbed the entire length of said series.

'7. A road making machine comprising a frame mounted for movement along the roadbed; and

means carried by the frame for simultaneously apart of the said liquid strata may be varied and the distances of said strata below the normal surface of the roadbed may be altered.

8. A road making machine comprising a frame mounted for movement along the roadbed; means carried by the forward part of the frame for scarifying the roadbed to a predetermined depth; vertically adjustable means supported by the frame for subsequently and simultaneously depositing a plurality of continuous liquid strata at different levels Within and entirely across the scaried portion of the roadbed; and means mounted on the frame at the rear portion for thereafter compressing the liquid strata and intermediate layers of the roadbed.

9. In a road making machine of the character described, a plurality of series shoes each of said series being arranged in different horizontal planes; and means incorporated in the shoes for releasing liquid along said planes during the operation of the machine, each of said shoes formed to create a relatively narrow path in the roadbed,

the paths ofthe shoes of each series overlapping for the purpose specified.

10. In a road making machine of the character described, a plurality of shoes arranged in different horizontal planes; and means incorporated in the shoes for releasing liquid along said planes during the operation of the machine, said shoes being arranged in series each of a plurality of shoes, arranged in rows extending transversely of the machine, the shoes. in each row being in spaced-apart relation and staggered to overlap with respect to the shoes in the other rows of the series, whereby the roadbed is worked the entire v length of said series.

11. In a road making machine of thecharacter described. a plurality -of 1shoes arranged in diilerentl horizontal planes: and means .incorporated in the shoes for releasing liquid ong said planes during the operation of the mac e, said shoes being arranged in series each of a plurality-of shoes, arranged in rows extending transversely of the machine, the shoes in each row being in 'spaced-apart relation and staggered with respect to the shoes in the other rows of the series, the shoes of each series being overlapped bond the laminations of roadbed material and road building liquids.

13. The'method of preparing a roadway which comprises forming a plurality oi' parallel spaced apart strata of 011 within the rodbed in situ at different levels below-the surface of the roadway, the lowermost stratum being formedy in advance of the strata thereabo've and of relatively A other rows of the series, the shoes of each series being in the same plane, whereby a continuous uninterrupted stratum of the roadbed is worked the full width of the said series of shoes; means carried by said bars whereby the 'road surface to the rear of said shoes is leveled;- and means mounted on said wheeled frame for compressing said worked road material.

15. A road building machine comprising a wheeled frame; means carried by the frame for simultaneously depositing liquid in continuous sheets along a plurality of predetermined spaced apart levels below the surface of the road; and mechanism whereby layers of road material are deposited above each layer of liquid.

FRANK L. CARSWELL. 

